What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases of cervical cancer come from certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted infection. Because HPV is so widespread, understanding your risks and getting routine screenings is essential for protecting your cervical health.
How Are HPV and Cervical Cancer Connected?
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. More than 79 million people—many in their late teens and early twenties—currently have HPV. There are over 40 strains of the virus. Most infections clear on their own, but when HPV does not go away, it can lead to genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
HPV usually has no symptoms. Most people contract HPV and pass it on without knowing it. Regular cervical cancer screenings and the HPV vaccine greatly lower your risk.
How Can I Prevent?
Get the HPV vaccine.
The HPV vaccine protects against the high-risk strains that cause most cervical cancers. It is recommended for women ages 9–26 and given in two or three doses over several months.
Get routine Pap tests and HPV tests.
Pap tests detect abnormal cervical cells early, before they become cancerous. HPV co-testing checks for the virus at the same time and is recommended for women 30 and older. Screening usually begins at age 21 and repeats every few years.
Live a healthy lifestyle.
Avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, and practice safe sex. Using condoms and limiting sexual partners can lower your risk.
How Do I Know If I Have Cervical Cancer?
Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms. As it progresses, you may notice irregular vaginal bleeding (after sex, between periods, or after menopause), pelvic pain, painful intercourse, or watery, bloody discharge.
If you experience any of these symptoms, schedule a gynecology appointment right away.